Purpose. Identification of the main trends in the development of legal science, search and analysis of stereotypes and unresolved issues that have developed in the course of its historical development, significantly, in the author's opinion, reducing the effectiveness of legal science in modern conditions, seriously deforming the process of thinking about law and knowledge of law, with an emphasis on the formation of a culture of creativity in legal science and social practice, considered as a new paradigm of its modern development. Such stereotypes are characterized by the identification of jurisprudence with legal science, the identification of legal and legal thinking, the identification of cognitive methodologies in fundamental and applied legal sciences (in subsequent works), based on the understanding of the method of cognition as an external order, a general scheme imposed on any content capable of providing, according to G. Hegel, only primitive knowledge.
Methods. Criticism of the established understanding of the methodology of cognition, the varieties of methods that are constantly cited in any scientific work, the justification of the exhaustion of general scientific paradigms on which modern methodology is based. The necessity of transition to a methodology based on the developing doctrine of reason and reason, based on the idea of a culture of creativity in cognition and realization of rights, freedom of thought, is substantiated.
Results. An analysis is presented from this point of view of the identification of jurisprudence with legal science, the identification of legal and legal thinking and cognition, the separation in the structure of legal science of fundamental (metaphysical) conventionally called "jurisprudence" and jurisprudence as an applied science of law, collectively understood as "legal science". The features of its formation in Russia are indicated. Attention is drawn to the methodological features of fundamental and applied legal science, a critical understanding of the history of these methodologies is carried out, urgent problems in modern scientific knowledge are substantiated, proposals are made for its improvement based on the developing doctrine of reason and reason, which, in the author's opinion, should become the methodological basis for the knowledge of law and thinking about it.
Conclusions. The history of the formation of legal science shows that the necessary prerequisites have emerged for the development of urgent modern problems at a new stage of its development. It is about the study of the culture of creativity in fundamental and applied legal science, expressed in the formation, implementation and change of scientific paradigms, foundations, conceptual apparatus, forms of expression through which knowledge of its history is possible. The conducted research allows us to formulate an extremely general conclusion. The constant development of the culture of creativity finds its expression in the constant search for and finding a reasonable content of law, putting it into a reasonable form, and achieving their unity. The culture of creativity in legal science is a core idea that ensures the development of both law and its knowledge based on the doctrine of reason and reason.

Introduction. At the beginning of the 19th century, the split of Azerbaijan into two parts and the loss of independence of the Azerbaijani statehood led to tangible changes in all spheres of socio-political, socio-economic and legal life of the country. These changes were partially accompanied by the implementation of a peculiar economic policy of the Russian Empire in the territory of Northern Azerbaijan and the adoption of relevant laws in this area. The regulation of property relations by Islamic legal norms was practically minimized, since these issues were entirely under the jurisdiction of imperial laws. During this period, the main areas of regulatory regulation of property relations in the South Caucasus were issues of land ownership (including the use and ownership of oil-bearing lands), water use, ownership of household equipment, as well as lease relations.
Purpose. The information presented in this article about property relations that existed during the period under review is mainly taken from archival materials and regulatory sources, the analysis of which is the purpose of this article. Here, along with the consideration of the characteristic features of property relations (in particular, in the field of land ownership and land use), great attention is paid to the specific features of legal regulation by the imperial authorities and ownership of minerals (oil).
Methods and results. The study of issues related to the legal regulation of property relations in Azerbaijan during the period under review is important from the point of view of clarifying and taking into account the historical socio-economic and legal prerequisites for improving the legislative framework of these relations at the present stage. With the help of various methodological tools and methods, in particular, methods of historical, legal, comparative, and documentary analysis, it was concluded that property issues and property relations in Azerbaijan, compared with previous times, underwent tremendous changes during the reign of the Russian Empire as a result of the adoption of numerous legislative acts establishing new ownership rules. use and alienation of various types of property.

The purpose of this article is to show that the effective functioning of a rule-of-law state is based not just on knowledge of laws, but on a deep understanding of their value component. Only awareness of the priority of legal values allows citizens not only to formally comply with the regulations, but also to actively participate in building a just and harmonious society. This value-based approach based on the ideas of natural law assumes that legal norms are not an end in themselves, but serve as a tool for the realization of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The law becomes effective only when citizens perceive it not as restrictive measures, but as a guarantee of their rights.
Methods. In the process of researching the problem, the author used general scientific methods of cognition. Methods such as formal law, historical law, axiological, predictive, and comparative law were also used.
Results. The concept of a shortage of legal opportunities is introduced into scientific circulation, by which the author understands the state of the legal field, characterized by limited access to legal protection mechanisms, which makes it impossible for legal entities to effectively defend their interests under current legislation. According to the author, the legal self-realization of an individual from natural rights to an active civil society is not just the passive use of granted rights and freedoms, but an active, purposeful participation in the legal life of society. It is closely related to self-awareness as a bearer of natural rights that precede any positive right, and the desire to realize them in specific life situations. The problem lies not only in the volume of current legislation, but also in its quality, which leads to a noticeable imbalance between the demand for effective legal acts that improve the lives of citizens and the real supply from the legislative authorities.
Conclusions. The author highlights that insufficient elaboration of draft laws, lack of public discussion and consideration of expert opinions, and the adoption of acts under pressure from lobbying groups lead to the adoption of ineffective and contradictory laws. Legislative initiatives are often divorced from the real problems of citizens, and usually deviate from their natural content. The author believes that the basis of legal self-realization is the understanding of natural rights – inherent in a person from birth, the inalienable rights to life, freedom, and property. security, etc. It is the appeal to these fundamental principles that makes it possible to effectively use the regulatory potential of the current legislation and achieve fair solutions.

Purpose
Consideration and analysis of the foundations of the constitutional system of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in order to propose the improvement of some of the norms of its Constitution, provided for in the basic laws of other subjects of the Russian Federation. Some of them can be taken into account in further legislative work in other subjects of the Russian Federation, where for the first time the foundations of their constitutional system are also provided. The latter should not contradict the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation, but this does not mean that they are literally reproduced, for which convincing arguments are given.
Methods
In order to substantiate his ideas, the author uses such research methods as comparative law, historical, logical and philological, which allowed him to make appropriate proposals.
Results and conclusions
Based on the results of the study, the author has made a number of suggestions. For the first time, it is proposed to expand the legislative framework of democracy in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania by including public organizations and citizens. The first Constitution of North Ossetia in 1918 included citizens and various institutions as such. In the Constitutions of North Ossetia in 1937 and 1978, public organizations represented by republican and their respective bodies had the legislative initiative. Taking into account historical experience and modernity, it is proposed to include such public organizations as Styr Nykhas, translated into Russian as the Supreme Council of Ossetians, the Public Chamber of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, as well as citizens of at least 1,000 residents of the Republic who have active the right to vote. The author also considers it necessary to exclude, firstly, the Control and Accounting Chamber and the Election Commission of the Republic from the system of bodies exercising state power.; Secondly, the ban on state and compulsory ideology. The provision on the possibility of changing the borders of the subjects of the Russian Federation is proposed for the first time in the wording of the Soviet constitutions, as logically and correctly reflecting the mechanism of formation of the legal norm. To include progressive Ossetian customs as a new constitutional norm among the sources of the legal system of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of legal expert activities in public administration, aimed at conducting various kinds of research on facts, states, events, documents, the results of which create the conditions and prerequisites for solving administrative cases of various subject areas. An analysis of the current legislation and the state of legal doctrine suggests that the development of issues of legal expert activity in public administration is insufficient, both in terms of the content of normative material and in terms of the volume and content of theoretical and methodological research in this area.
Purpose. Justification of the possibility of unifying ideas about legal expert activity, understanding the legal expertise itself, its relationship with related categories in the interests of improving the quality and effectiveness of regulatory regulation of this institution of public administration. Methods. Empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private-scientific methods: systemic, grammatical and logical interpretation. Special legal methods: formal legal. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of domestic legal scholars in the field of legal expertise and expert activity.
Results. The legal construction of expert evaluation activities has not yet received a completed theoretical, methodological and regulatory justification: there are no sufficient grounds for unifying ideas about legal expert activity, for understanding the legal examination itself, its relationship with related categories, which negatively affects not only the establishment of the essence and content of the examination and legal expert activity, but also impedes the development of systemic ideas about this institution, and also reduces the quality of its regulatory regulation.
Conclusions. The diversity and specification of the types of research carried out within the framework of positive public management do not exclude the possibility of unifying the standards of expert activity and approaches to understanding various types of research of an expert and evaluative nature, which can positively affect the possibilities and quality of strategic planning, since they can form its empirical basis. A number of examinations can be used to study the legal consciousness and archetypes of legal culture, as well as the legal and anthropological characteristics of individual social groups, which will strengthen the axiological effect of strategic planning.

Purpose. The study of the constitutional and legal aspects of the relationship between private and public interests in bankruptcy legislation, as well as the analysis of the role of the state in regulating legal relations related to bankruptcy.
Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of regulatory legal acts, judicial practice and scientific works devoted to the problems of bankruptcy. The article examines the historical prerequisites for the formation of the bankruptcy institution, as well as modern approaches to balancing private and public interests in this area. The author highlights the key tasks of the state as a regulator and participant in bankruptcy relations, emphasizing the need to respect the equality of rights of all subjects.
Results. The results of the study show that the public interest in bankruptcy is aimed at ensuring the stability of the economy, protecting the rights of an indefinite circle of people and preventing abuse. At the same time, the private interests of creditors and debtors should be taken into account equally.
Discussion. The relationship between private and public interests in bankruptcy is one of the most difficult problems of modern law. On the one hand, the state should minimize interference in private legal relations so as not to violate the principle of autonomy of the will of participants in civil turnover. On the other hand, the public interest requires the active participation of the state in bankruptcy regulation, especially in cases where the bankruptcy of large corporations or the mass bankruptcy of medium-sized enterprises can lead to economic destabilization. An analysis of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation shows that the court recognizes the permissibility of public law interference in private law relations, but at the same time consistently emphasizes the need to balance the interests of all participants in legal relations. However, the question of how effectively this balance is maintained in practice remains open and requires further investigation.
Conclusions. As a conclusion, it is proposed to consolidate the principle of ensuring a balance of private and public interests in bankruptcy legislation, as well as establish clear rules for the participation of government agencies in bankruptcy proceedings to prevent a preponderance of public interests.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is a systematic analysis of the socio-legal aspects of domestic violence and the development of proposals aimed at the prevention of administrative offenses in the family and household sphere. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to study the legislative regulation and law enforcement practices of law enforcement agencies in the field of family and domestic violence prevention in order to increase the effectiveness of preventive measures implemented by law enforcement officers and other prevention actors. The article analyzes prevention as one of the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Methods. The regulatory framework of the study is presented by the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of the conducted research was the dialectical method of cognition, as well as logical-legal, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, sociological and some other methods.
Results. The review of the powers of the police of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan allowed us to draw conclusions about the similarity of the main areas of activity for the prevention of offenses, at the same time, the adopted package of amendments to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan allowed to reduce the number of committed offenses in the area under study. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to establish new administrative and legal mechanisms for the prevention of administrative offenses in the family and household sphere in the Russian Federation, which, according to the authors, will reduce the number of illegal acts committed.
Conclusions. The necessity of correcting some provisions of administrative legislation is substantiated – the unification of the signs of an administrative offense (family rowdiness, domestic hooliganism) is proposed on the basis of a single conceptual framework. It is proposed to create institutions for the temporary accommodation of members in whose families there is a difficult life situation, as well as those affected by family violence. The authors also point out the need to establish responsibility for the late notification by the subjects of prevention of the facts of the law enforcement agencies' rowdiness.

Introduction
The family is an absolute traditional value of society and the state, since it is in its circle that the basic values, respect for traditions and culture are formed. The family is a place where moral and ethical principles are formed, knowledge and experience are passed on, and generational continuity. That is why it is important to recognize and protect family values, providing families with the necessary support and conditions for their development. The State should create laws and programs aimed at supporting families by providing access to education, medical care, housing and other basic needs. Thus, the family plays a key role in the formation and development of society, and its value is indisputable for the preservation of traditions and core values.
The purpose of the legal research in this article is a deep analytical approach to assessing the role, place and significance of family relations, viewed through the prism of law and ethical standards, which are key pillars of the social order.
Theoretical foundations
The research topic is presented in the article from different points of view and scientific approaches. Some authors considered the family as the basis of a society where values, morality and culture are formed. Other researchers have emphasized the role of the family as an institution that ensures the socialization of the individual and the transmission of traditions from generation to generation. However, modern society and the State face challenges that can have a negative impact on the institution of the family. The destruction of traditional values, the increase in the number of divorces, problems with orphanages and orphans – all this indicates the instability of family relations and the importance of this problem. Therefore, in the article, the authors consider not only theoretical aspects, but also practical measures to support and strengthen the institution of the family.
The results of the study
The results of the study. The article examines how the family contributes to the formation of a sense of belonging, strengthening moral values and ensuring the stability of society. The influence of the family on personality development and its adaptation to social conditions is also analyzed. The authors emphasized the need to protect and support family values in the modern world, where they are often subject to threats and changes. The conducted research determines that the family is not only a micro-society, but also an important component of social life. In addition, the study showed that family values have a direct impact on the development of the state.
Discussion and conclusions
2024 was declared the year of the family in Russia. Among the basic tasks of the state policy in the field of family, the following were mentioned: increasing demographic indicators; promoting family values; and obviously supporting families of soldiers of the SVR. It is also the responsibility of the state to pursue a systematic and consistent policy in the field of traditional values, "developed during the millennial history of Russia." The authors emphasize the importance of developing both legislative initiatives and public programs aimed at creating optimal conditions for the growth and well-being of Russian families.
Several ways are also proposed to strengthen the role of the family as a traditional value of society and the state. The study confirmed that the family is an absolute traditional value of society and the state, and its support and protection play an important role in ensuring the sustainable development and well-being of society.

The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the legal regulation of museums, analyze the legal nature of "museum law", and determine the legal content of this right.
Theoretical foundations
In this paper, methods of analysis, comparison and generalization are used in the development of the research topic.
The legal uncertainty regarding the essential content of museum law generates many different approaches in theory. Such a disjointed understanding of the subject under study does not allow us to determine its legal nature and is a prerequisite for additional analysis.
The author notes that "museum law" belongs only to the museum, which is assigned the right of operational management of museum objects. Thus, there is a special legal entity, which is the museum itself, and which, by virtue of the law, has the corresponding right. This is the right to transfer the rights to use reproductions of museum objects and museum collections for commercial purposes, as well as a special right to publish fine, printed, printed and other replicated products and consumer goods using images of museum objects and museum collections. However, this right is not defined in the law. This right is similar in nature to the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity, but does not coincide with it. If the term of the exclusive right is limited, it is alienable and the subject of this right is not strictly defined, then the "museum right" is indefinite and inalienable. However, in theory, there are different points regarding the duration of this right.
Results and conclusions
Currently, there is no unified approach to defining the legal nature of "museum law"; it is considered both a separate branch of law and a separate subjective private law. There is a need to continue scientific research in order to resolve the existing uncertainty regarding the legal nature of museum law.
The results of the study can be used to conduct further scientific research on this and related issues, including as a theoretical basis for studying the problems of reproduction of museum objects, and can also become a starting point for research into the legal aspects of museum legislation and legislation in the field of intellectual property.

Purpose
Analyze the concepts of "entrepreneurial activity" and "income-generating activity" in relation to non-profit organizations and correlate them relative to each other.
Work objectives:
analyze the regulatory legal acts regulating entrepreneurial activity and income-generating activities of non-profit organizations; correlate the concepts of "entrepreneurial activity" and "other income-generating activities".
Materials and methods
The work uses a set of scientific research methods. In the course of the research, such general scientific methods as analysis, deduction, analogy, and the dialectical method were used. The theoretical basis of the work consists of the works of Russian scientists devoted to the study of entrepreneurial activity and other income-generating activities.
Results and conclusions
The lack of a fixed concept of "income-generating activity" generates a lot of contradictions, such as determining whether the activities of non-profit organizations correspond to their goals of creation. The legislator provides a wide range of interpretation, highlighting only in general terms this limitation. Therefore, it is possible to interpret in different ways the types of activities that will meet the goals of creation or contradict them. In order to increase the effectiveness of non–profit organizations (hereinafter referred to as NPOs), it is necessary to establish a normative approximate list of acceptable types of activities of a non-profit organization that generate income for it. And since the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law No. 7-FZ dated January 12, 1996 "On Non-Profit Organizations" contain a closed list of organizational and legal forms of NPOs, each with its own specific goals, it would be reasonable to determine the permissible types of activities for each organizational and legal form, respectively, according to their goals of creation.

Purpose. This article is devoted to the consideration of a number of criminological, penological, legal, sociological and philosophical approaches to criminal punishment that have been developed to date and are partly competing and competing with each other as a rather complex and diverse socio-legal phenomenon. The author has set as his task (as a concretization of a common goal) to consider the differing views on criminal punishment of two great Russian writers – L.N. Tolstoy and F.M. Dostoevsky. In this regard, he highlighted and emphasized the depth and sophistication of views of F.M. Dostoevsky. In response to Dostoevsky's questions concerning the psychology of criminals and people who are being punished, it is noted that in his books the suffering caused by punishment turns out to be atonement and a purifying blessing in comparison with the torments of the soul experienced by a criminal who is not subject to punishment.
Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and private scientific methodological tools: the method of abstraction, the comparative historical method, the method of retrospection, the methods of induction and deduction, as well as comparative, logical-semantic and functional methods.
Results. The author's criticism of some aspects of the penological system of the Russian-American sociologist and cultural critic P.A. Sorokin is presented. Arguments are made in defense of the legislative formulation and the combination of purposes of criminal punishment in the text of the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author's vision of the problem of combining and resolving contradictions between the so-called absolute and relative theories of punishment in penology (retributionism and consequentialism) is shown.
Conclusions. The article proves that absolute and relative theories of punishment can be reconciled and cooperated, since the need to protect society and individuals from crimes does not exclude an approach to punishment as restoring justice and applying it on a proportionate (retaliatory) basis, acting as a deterrent and limiter of arbitrariness in penitentiary activities. Modern penological scientists are invited to focus their scientific efforts on the development of integrative or mixed (combining features of absolute and relative theories) concepts of criminal punishment.

Purpose. Conducting a comparative analysis of the qualifying features of crimes in states with a common historical, cultural and civilizational path.
Materials and methods. In the context of deglobalization and regionalization of international law, emphasis is placed on the Model Criminal Code for the CIS member states, as well as the Criminal Codes of such republics friendly to Russia as Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Results. The structural and substantive features of recording the qualifying features of crimes in the above-mentioned legal acts are considered. Specific examples of description of these features are identified in comparison with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The original structuring of the relevant legislative material is implemented in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus: qualifying features in a number of cases are listed in an alternative way (without highlighting points). In turn, in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a "splitting" of a single feature into separate points is revealed. In terms of content, exclusive legislative decisions are the recognition of the increased public danger of theft with illegal entry into a vehicle, as well as violation of privacy using a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle. The experience of differentiating criminal liability depending on the forms of complicity in a crime, type of recidivism and the type of intent deserves attention.
Conclusions. Based on the "classic" set of qualifying elements of crimes in the Model Criminal Code for the CIS member states, legislators from different countries have independently optimized their description.
The similarity of the general approaches of legislators to the establishment of qualifying signs has been revealed; the assessment of the degree of their public danger, as well as the list of crimes in individual components, vary.
The differentiation of criminal liability at the level of qualifying elements of a crime in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be carried out taking into account not only positive foreign experience, but also the achievements of domestic criminal law doctrine.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the criminal law characteristics of the institution of deferred punishment in the Islamic Republic of Iran, analyzes the content and mechanism of its application, taking into account the influence of the legal system in force in the state and cultural traditions. The key reason for the increased scientific interest in conducting research within the framework of the criminal law of the Islamic Republic of Iran is that Islamic criminal law has an impact on all spheres of public life of the state, which is determined by the crucial importance of Muslim religious laws in the current legal system, as well as very specific features of the content of normative legal acts.
Purpose. By analyzing the institution of deferred punishment in the Islamic Republic of Iran, to determine the exceptional features of the content and mechanism of application of this institution. To assess the impact of the current legal system and cultural traditions on the formation of the institution of deferred punishment. To analyze the limits of judicial discretion in the application of the institution of deferred execution of punishment.
Methods. The methodological basis of the research is a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods. In the course of scientific research, for the most part, the general scientific method of cognition, the logical-structural method of analyzing legal norms, analytical and logical methods of scientific research were used.
Results and conclusions. Conducting a study of the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in particular, the institution of the application of deferred punishment, taking into account the historical and religious and moral characteristics of the Arab East, is a significant study, the results of which can be used to better understand the issues of Islamic criminal law and assess its impact on public relations, as well as in future scientific research on making proposals for borrowing from other States the experience of using this institute, development of new approaches and amendments to the criminal law legislation.

Introduction. The conditions of globalization have necessarily led to the growth of migration processes throughout the world. Inevitably, there is a clash of cultural, everyday, linguistic, territorial, socio-economic statuses between migrants and natives, which leads to the deterioration of the criminological situation. High latency and social danger of offenses committed by migrants are due, in particular, to the specifics of the personality of the offender.
Purpose. This study is aimed at generalizing the main criminologically significant characteristics of the personality of a criminal who arrived for permanent or temporary residence from other countries, identifying socio-demographic, moral and ethical, emotional-volitional and legal features that represent symptoms that affect the commission of crimes.
Methods. In the course of the research, universal dialectical, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used: statistical, system-structural analysis, analogy, generalization, comparison, differentiation, observation.
Results of the research. The personality of the criminal-migrant is considered taking into account the main socio-demographic, needs-motivational characteristics. The most active and inclined to commit crimes is the age group of 26-35 years, of which the majority are single men. The crime rate of this category is more than 60% of the total number of committed crimes. The typical criminal-migrant has secondary general education or does not have it at all, does not have a permanent source of income despite the fact that he is able-bodied. The main motive for criminal acts is greed, slightly less often: anarchist and everyday motives. Difficulties in the course of social adaptation, ignorance of legal norms and moral characteristics of the region where the migrant came to work lead to impulsive, hostile and aggressive behavior. Illegal and easy crossing of the state border instills in the criminal's mind a sense of impunity, and as a consequence, readiness for new, larger-scale crimes.
Discussion and conclusion. Having studied the different points of view of criminologists on the definition of the concept of the personality of a migrant criminal, we can conclude that in addition to general features, it is necessary to take into account the national, ethnic characteristics and sociopsychological properties that characterize their criminal behavior. The solution of preventive tasks in relation to migrants who commit crimes or have a tendency to commit them depends on their spiritual and moral education, the purpose of which is to develop a conviction about the need to comply with laws adopted at the federal level, but also the laws of society. The possibility of eliminating the likelihood of committing a crime by individuals can be achieved when their cultural and educational level is combined with a strong moral position.

Introduction
The relevance of the chosen topic is evidenced by such a dangerous phenomenon in science as imitation of scientific creativity, which means reproducing the external features of dissertations in order to create the appearance of scientific research. Currently, the imitation of scientific research is becoming a disaster that can completely de-educate dissertations of any level.
The purpose of this study is to identify the signs of imitation that take place in dissertation research.
The methodological basis of the research is a dialectical approach combined with instrumental methods of cognition and methods of legislative textual criticism of criminal law.
Research results: signs of imitation in dissertations are, firstly, the inability to fully substantiate the relevance of the research topic; secondly, disruption of the connection between the objectives of the research and conclusions; thirdly, the presence of numerous illegal borrowings in the provisions submitted for defense, as well as in the main text of the dissertation; fourthly, the lack of novelty in the provisions submitted for defense; fifth, a voluminous retelling of regulatory acts that are not related to the topic of the research, the presence of vague terms and repetitions that have no semantic load; sixth, the predominantly compiled nature of dissertation texts; seventh, the absence of the results of scientific research in the conclusion; and finally, dissertation texts that claim to be highly scientific have a low speech culture and contain many semantic inconsistencies and linguistic errors that are characteristic of imitation works.
Conclusion: imperfect organization of dissertation research on law and an unprincipled attitude to dissertations that are of an imitation nature inevitably leads to discrediting scientific activity as a whole and indicates a deep crisis in the ethical component of legal science.

The review of the textbook "Electoral Law, electoral process and Technologies" contains a detailed description of its structure and content, which includes issues of the concept and essence of electoral law, electoral systems and the electoral process, the peculiarities of electoral behavior of Russian voters, the differences between traditional and innovative electoral technologies and their application in elections of various scales and levels, The issues of formation and development of the electoral system of Soviet, post-Soviet and modern Russia are highlighted., problems of the development and functioning of such political and legal institutions as electoral law and the electoral process. The difference between this textbook is that political and legal institutions have been studied in interrelation from the point of view of legal and political science aspects, therefore it is of interest from an interdisciplinary point of view. The textbook may be of interest not only to students studying law, electoral lawyers and employees of election commissions, political scientists and current politicians.; but also for sociologists who study electoral behavior and electoral statistics of election campaigns, as well as for anyone who is interested in the problems of transformation and reform of the Russian electoral system.